Ruby的字节操作
一个字节其实也就是一个整数，如果用十六进制表示的话，正好是两个十六进制数，用字符串表示就是 “HH”这样的表示。
Ruby的字节操作主要是靠两个方法来实现，String#unpack 和 Array#pack，两个类的实例方法，参数均为单一字符串。
举一个例子来讲解。
一般的 32位 Little-endian 机器上的单精度浮点数 float的一个实例： f = 88.888，得到它的字节表示 =>
因为字节操作需要 Array 类的 pack 操作，所以先把 f 放入一个数组实例中
irb(main):001:0> f = 88.888 => 88.888 irb(main):002:0> s = [] => [] irb(main):003:0> s << f => [88.888] irb(main):004:0>
然后需要 pack 得到字符串表示
irb(main):004:0> s.pack("F")
=> "\xA8\xC6\xB1B"
也许会奇怪这个字符串为什么会这样，其实这里是 "\xA8\xC6\B1\x42"，因为 \x42 正好是ASCII码表中 'B' 的十六进制代码，所以这里会显示成这样连着的。
然后我们得到字节的数值表示和十六进制表示：
irb(main):005:0> s.pack("F").unpack("C*")
=> [168, 198, 177, 66]
irb(main):006:0> s.pack("F").unpack("H*")
=> ["a8c6b142"]
还有一种方式：
irb(main):007:0> s.pack("F").unpack("C*").collect {|x| x.to_s(16) }
=> ["a8", "c6", "b1", "42"]
其实难点在于 pack 和 unpack 的操作，这个参数会很多，理解起来也有点难度，我觉得还是多用用就比较好理解了。
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