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[翻译] Keep your vimrc file clean

tk posted @ Mar 18, 2013 07:57:26 PM in Vim with tags vim setting , 2034 阅读

 

英文原文: Keep your vimrc file clean.
作者: Datagrok
翻译: tisyang


本站和其他一些网站所写的关于 Vim 的技巧都会让你在 .vimrc 文件中添加某些代码。(在 Windows 平台,对应的是 _vimrc 文件。)参阅 :help vimrc-intro

当你添加多次之后,.vimrc 文件会变得相当大并且复杂,尤其是你添加的那些分别针对特定语言的配置。更糟糕的是,一些设置有可能互不兼容。

幸运的是,Vim 有一个良好的内建机制去组织管理针对特定语言的配置,将它们分置在不同的文件和目录。完整资料请参考 help vimfiles, :help ftplugin-overrule, :help after-directory

快捷方法就是将全部针对特定语言的配置从你的 .vimrc 文件中移到一个名为 .vim/ftplugin/language.vim 的文件中。(在 Windows 上对应的是 $HOME/vimfiles/ftplugin/language.vim

比如本来的 .vimrc 文件是这样:

autocmd FileType * set tabstop=2|set shiftwidth=2|set noexpandtab
autocmd FileType python set tabstop=4|set shiftwidth=4|set expandtab
au BufEnter *.py set ai sw=4 ts=4 sta et fo=croql

移动之后变成这样,针对 python 的配置移动到了一个单独的文件中:

" File ~/.vimrc
" ($HOME/_vimrc on Windows)
" Global settings for all files (but may be overridden in ftplugin).
set tabstop=2
set shiftwidth=2
set noexpandtab

" File ~/.vim/ftplugin/python.vim
" ($HOME/vimfiles/ftplugin/python.vim on Windows)
" Python specific settings.
setlocal tabstop=4
setlocal shiftwidth=4
setlocal expandtab
setlocal autoindent
setlocal smarttab
setlocal formatoptions=croql

如果你想完全禁用某个随 Vim 发行的文件类型的插件时,首先建立你自己的文件类型配置文件(也许是空的),然后添加一行代码:

let b:did_ftplugin = 1

如果你觉得 Vim 自带的某个文件类型的插件大多数功能都不错,只是想改写某些特定的配置项时,你可以将你的配置放到 .vim/after/ftplugin/language.vim (在 Windows 上对应的是 $HOME/vimfiles/after/ftplugin/language.vim )详见 :help after-directory

如果你想让 Vim 识别一个新的扩展名文件,不要在你的 .vimrc 文件中使用 augroup 。将你的配置放到正确的位置。详见 :help ftdetect

关于 ~/.vim 目录(Windows 上的 $HOME/vimfiles )你可以做的更多。目录 ~/.vim/compiler 是一个存放应用到每个编译器基础之上的配置的好地方(比如说,我也许需要使用 javac, jikes, ant 或者 make 去编译然后解析编译器针对对一个 java 源文件的输出。) 【原文: ~/.vim/compiler is a good place to keep configuration that gets applied on a per-compiler basis(for example, I might need to use any of javac, jikes, ant, or make to compile and parse the compiler output for a java source file.) 】 我也喜欢将一些 color schemes 存放在 ~/.vim/colors, 用 Vim 帮助文件的格式记笔记存放在 ~/.vim/doc 。定期运行 :helptags ~/.vim/doc 命令可以让我在这些笔记里使用 :h 跳转到指定标签。 详见 :help helptags :help vimfiles

这个技巧建议将针对特定语言的配置移到一个适当的 ftplugin file 中。如果想让它生效,你需要启用文件类型检测功能。输入命令 :filetype 来检测文件类型检测是否已经启用。在某些 Linux 发行版中,文件类型检测被禁用,这时你需要添加如下的命令到你的 vimrc 文件中:

filetype plugin on
" Alternative: use the following to also enable language-dependent indenting.
filetype plugin indent on

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